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Test Accuracy
We have over three decades experience and expertise in DNA techniques. Our philosophy is that DNA evidence should be based on what the DNA sequence itself reveals, consequently all of our tests are based on a species identification evidenced by the DNA sequence. The DNA sequence allows precise phylogenetic placement of the sample, we therefore have the highest robust statistical support. We never use proxy measures (such as a fluorescent indicator of the presence of a sequence). Consequently, our tests leave no doubt as to the identification of a species and are robust enough to use in legal settings.
What are proxy measures?
Many ecologists are doubtful as to the reliability of eDNA evidence. We believe much of this stems from the use of proxy measures in which the DNA sequence is not actually read. These sorts of tests use probes which are designed to bind to specific DNA to and give off light (fluoresce) to register the species presence. The advantage of such approaches is that the presence of multiple species can be identified simultaneously and cheaply through the flashes of light observed. The problem is that probes can often bind to similar but non-target DNA, giving a false positive signal. In this case one can think a species is present when it is not.
We have advised in the past several major agencies of the issues of false positives. If such tests are used they should be followed up by proof through reading the DNA sequence to verify the correct species has indeed been identified.
Forensic level laboratories
In order to study eDNA one must have a properly controlled environment that excludes the possibility of contamination from sources extraneous to samples. Our laboratories are designed to separate DNA amplification areas from DNA extraction areas following guidelines suitable for ancient DNA work where the quantities of DNA retrieved are minute. We have different laboratories for extraction of modern and ancient DNA.
Our facilities are world class in this respect as evidenced from our world leading research profile publishing in Science, Nature family and PNAS, the leading scientific journals.